大主教城堡

大主教城堡是克罗麦里兹的地标，克罗麦里兹是摩拉维亚最漂亮的城镇之一，也是许多对历史感兴趣的游客的必去之处。

The history of Kroměříž reaches back to the 12th century. Since that time the Castle and Gardens of Kroměříž are in an administration od Bishopric and later Archbishopric of Olomouc. – © Archive of the Archiepiscopal Castle Kroměříž

The first room of the Archbishops' Summer Apartment, so called Music Salon or the Reception Room. It is furnished in the Second Rococo style and it is connected with three more rooms of the Summer Apartment and a bathroom. – © Tomas Vrtal

The library of the Archiepiscopal Castle in Kroměříž is divided into two sections. The first one, called the New Library, consists of books from 18th to 19th century. The second one is called the Old Library and consists more than 80 000 books and prints. There are for example also more than 180 incunabulas which were books published before the year 1500. – © Tomas Vrtal

Regardless of their clerical careers, Bishops and Archbishops of Olomouc did like amusement. That is the reason why there is the Hunting Hall in the Castle. Bishop Friedrich von Fürstenberg was a great hunter and many of his throphies are to be seen in this room. Apart from his throphies, there are also throphies of Russian czar or Austrian Emperor. – © Tomas Vrtal

Apotheosis of the Bishopric Of Olomouc and Bishop Leopold Friedrich von Egkh by Franz Anton Maulbertsh is to be found in the Liege Hall and makes the room one of the most precious one in the whole Castle. – © Tomas Vrtal

The history of Kroměříž reaches back to the 12th century. Since that time the Castle and Gardens of Kroměříž are in an administration od Bishopric and later Archbishopric of Olomouc. – © Archive of the Archiepiscopal Castle Kroměříž

克罗麦里兹的大主教城堡是摩拉维亚最重要的文化遗产之一，1998年联合国教科文组织将其列入世界遗产名录。大主教城堡是奥洛穆茨的主教和大主教的财产，也曾是他们的私人住所。公元1110年，克罗麦里兹村的集市被奥洛穆克主教约翰二世(公元1104–1126)买下，自那以后集市便成了主教的财产。十三世纪中叶，主教布鲁诺·冯·绍恩堡(公元1245–1281)将村庄发展成了一个小镇（公元1261），建立了圣莫里茨教堂，在当前大主教城堡的位置上建造了一座哥特式城堡，制定了君民系统，并集中了克罗麦里兹主教的管理办公室。在斯坦尼斯洛斯·图尔佐(公元1496–1554)的主教制度下，这座城堡被重建成了一座具有文艺复兴时期特色的城堡。

克罗麦里兹的城堡和花园，由格奥尔格·马蒂亚斯·维斯切指导贾斯图斯·范登·尼布特（公元1691）创作。

三十年的战争严重破坏了城镇和大主教城堡。1643年，托尔斯藤森将军率领的瑞典军队夺取并抢掠了克罗麦里兹镇。在皇家建筑师菲利韦托·卢凯塞和乔瓦尼·彼得罗·屯卡拉的规划后，城镇的重建开始于主教卡尔·冯·列支敦士登-卡斯特尔科诺（公元1665-1694）的统治时期，或多或少给予了城堡今天的外观。这座城堡在1752年的火灾中遭到了严重的破坏，在此期间，数十栋房屋被烧毁，城堡的二层也被彻底被毁灭。1848年至1849年，奥地利帝国在大主教城堡举办了制宪会议。20世纪，重建的重点主要集中在在第二次世界大战的最后几天被撤退的德国军队点燃的塔上。

1752年的大火将二楼彻底地损毁；西北翼的地板和屋顶都在大火中坍塌。如今大主教城堡主要景点之一的大餐厅正是在大火后的重建中建成的。– © Tomas Vrtal

过去，教会的整体结构在大主教城堡每一部分的分工上得到了体现——底层被用于安置整栋建筑的公共设施和服务性房间，一层与多数建筑相同，属于多功能；二楼的建造目的则用于彰显主教的世俗及行政权力。

如今，大主教城堡已经不仅仅是一个独特的历史性建筑，它更作为一个科学研究中心
中心服务着世人。城堡里拥有几个世纪以来无数知识渊博且热爱收藏的主教和大主教收集的大量绘画、书籍、以及乐谱。

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大主教城堡

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